These History Experiences Will Expand Your Knowledge of the Ancient World

We’re taking a journey through time – from Pompeii to Machu Picchu, Angkor Wat to The Acropolis to reveal the most mind-blowing facts about seven of the world’s most remarkable ancient sites.

Spanning continents and epochs, these sites offer insights into the lives and ingenuity of ancient civilizations, acting as time capsules that transport us to bygone eras.

Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985, Petra is not just one of Jordan’s most popular sites, it’s arguably one of the brightest jewels in the Middle East. Founded in around 312 BCE, the ancient city served as the capital of the Nabatean Kingdom – a prosperous trading hub linking the Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, and the Mediterranean. It was home to a significant and diverse population of up to 20,000 inhabitants at its peak. The city’s strategic location and architectural grandeur made it a melting pot of cultures, reflected in its unique blend of Greco-Roman, Egyptian, and Nabatean architectural influences.

One of Petra’s most impressive features is its sophisticated water management system. Despite being located in an arid region, the Nabateans devised methods to harness water sources to sustain the city and its inhabitants. An intricate network of dams, channels, and cisterns was built to collect and distribute water throughout Petra, ensuring a reliable water supply for drinking, agriculture, and daily life.

Experience it yourself: Jordan Experience

High in the Andes Mountains of Peru, Machu Picchu has been shrouded in mystery ever since it was rediscovered in the early 20th Century. Thought to have been originally constructed in the early to mid-1400s, “The Lost City” showcases the Incas’ architectural ambition, engineering ingenuity, and advanced urban planning. Although scientists and archaeologists continue to debate the intended purpose of Machu Picchu, what everyone who’s ever stepped foot on the site can agree on is that its mere existence is close to miraculous. The Incas employed their finely-honed dry-stone technique for the construction, meaning no mortar was used to bind the stones together. It’s a testament to the precision and stability of the construction that the site has withstood the test of time, even surviving several earthquakes.

And there are subtler points to ponder, too. The levelling and stabilizing of the agricultural terraces, the drainage infrastructure and, of course, the very act of getting thousands of 50-ton granite boulders up a near-sheer mountainside.

It might seem extraordinary that Stone Henge, a half-ruined, weather-worn circle of boulders erected in the middle of the windswept Salisbury Plain could attract over a million visitors a year. Certainly a significant number more than it would have done in the time its purpose was understood. And in that is the key to its enduring appeal – the mystery surrounding its function, its construction and its fate. What we do know is that this stone circle dates to the Neolithic period – and was likely constructed over roughly 1,300 years, ending in 1800 BCE. We also know it has astrological significance, as it was built to be perfectly aligned for the summer and winter solstice events.

What has remained a mystery, however, is the method of construction – namely, how a number of these enormous stones were transported from their likely quarries, around 180 miles away in Wales’ Preseli Hills. Recent evidence that pinpoints the exact location of these quarries suggests an exclusively overland enterprise, rather than the previously long-held theory of a combination of raft and overland transport. The stones were likely transported using wooden sledges moving over logs continuously placed in front of them.

Experience it for yourself: Britain and Ireland Discovery

The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE is arguably the most infamous natural disaster to occur anywhere, at any point in history. This is almost entirely because of the way it affected the Roman resort town of Pompeii, which up until the eruption was home to around 12,000 people and whose streets were lined with the villas of the empire’s most well-heeled movers and shakers. When Vesuvius erupted, it buried Pompeii beneath a sea of superheated volcanic ash up to 19 feet deep (about the height of a modern two-storey house). As it compacted, the heat of the ash consumed all the oxygen, suffocating those unable to escape the pyroclastic flow, and interring their bodies – as well as almost everything else it touched – for over 1,500 years.

Pompeii was initially rediscovered in the 16th Century, but it wasn’t until the late 1800s that excavations were done in a systematic and organised way. It was the lead archaeologist at the time, Giuseppe Fiorelli, who realised there were voids containing human remains left in the ash layer where bodies once lay. He devised a method of injecting the voids with plaster to create the forms of the victims. This method is still carried out today, only with a clear resin, which does not destroy the residual remains.

One of the other most fascinating discoveries in Pompeii was the graffiti found scrawled across many of the building’s interior and exterior walls. It was an insight into a cruder, more informal and colloquial form of Latin that was otherwise missing from formally recorded texts of the time. Essentially, this was how real people spoke. This graffiti provides a true window into the real lives of Pompeii’s residents at the time of the eruption.

Experience it for yourself: Best of Italy

On the west bank of the River Nile, opposite the modern city of Luxor (the site of the Ancient Egyptian city of Thebes), the Valley of the Kings contains (at the current count) 62 tombs belonging to Ancient Egypt’s Pharaohs, dignitaries and various other nobility. Mummies discovered here number in the hundreds. It is perhaps most famous for the discovery of the tomb and mummy of the boy Pharaoh Tutankhamun. But what was so special about this tomb, and this Pharaoh in particular, that has made the Valley of the Kings such a draw to visitors to Egypt? It is in large part due to the story of the tomb’s discovery, by Egyptologist Howard Carter in 1922.

Carter was 5 years into what was increasingly looking like a futile search for the long-rumoured final resting place of Tutankhamun. Many archaeologists were convinced his tomb had already been discovered, but Carter was convinced it was out there still. Not only was he proved correct, but this tomb also contained the most valuable hoard of Ancient Egyptian artefacts discovered anywhere in the Valley of the Kings.

One of the most astounding treasures is Tutankhamun’s solid gold sarcophagus, one of three coffins he was placed in, which has an empirical value of at least US$5.7 million based on today’s gold prices. But of course, it’s much more valuable than that – purely for its historical value. The current insurers of Tutankhamun’s treasures have a policy worth US$900 million that covers the items being exhibited around the world.

Experience it for yourself: Splendours of Egypt

Anyone lucky enough to visit Cambodia’s Angkor Wat will undoubtedly be left with one undeniable impression – that this is a display of almost unparalleled architectural and artistic skill and prowess.

The largest religious monument in the world, Angkor Wat covers an area of 402 acres – that’s about 305 football fields stitched together. But it’s not just the scale that’s impressive, but the planning that had to go into its construction, as well as the architectural details that embellish every building on the site.

Situated with an east-west orientation, it’s clear the site was built in adherence to astrological patterns. Angkor Wat temple’s main tower aligns with the sunrise of the spring equinox, and there are clear lines of sight to other towers that align with the summer and winter solstices

The statues of Hindu gods, the bas-reliefs of religious scenes and the carved sandstone towers that cap the site’s temples are what make this site so unforgettable. The richness of the artistic elements, coupled with the scale and precision of the layout make this a truly unforgettable place to visit.

Perched high above Athens, Greece, the Acropolis stands as a symbol of ancient Greek civilization and its enduring legacy. Dominated by the Parthenon, a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, the Acropolis is an architectural marvel that embodies the ideals of Classical Greece. Built in the 5th century BCE, it showcases Doric and Ionic architectural styles, breathtaking sculptures, and intricate friezes that narrate mythological stories. The Acropolis served as a sacred sanctuary, a political centre, and a testament to Athenian democracy, influencing Western art, philosophy, and architecture for centuries to come.

In modern-day Athens, the Acropolis is also home to the Acropolis Museum, which houses a vast collection of antiquities and objects unearthed from the Acropolis – including The Persian Horseman, an almost to-scale statue of a horse being ridden by a man dressed in Middle-Eastern style clothing.

Overlooking Athens from its position on the summit of Areopagus Hill, the Acropolis is visible from almost everywhere in the city. This is in part because there is a law in Athens that states no buildings are allowed to exceed 12 storeys, so as not to impede views of the Acropolis and the Parthenon.