Today In History – June

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On this day in history…

June 30

1520 Spanish conquistadors under Hernán Cortés take gold from Aztecs

1559 King Henry II of France is seriously injured in a jousting match against Gabriel de Montgomery.

1860 Famous debate on Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution held at the Oxford University Museum and dominated by arguments between Thomas Henry Huxley and Bishop Samuel Wilberforce

1894 London’s Tower Bridge opens

1898 Winton Motor Carriage Company publishes the first known automobile ad in Scientific American using the headline “dispense with a horse.”

1923 New Zealand claims Ross Dependency in Antarctica

1936 Margaret Mitchell’s novel “Gone with the Wind” published

1974 Soviet dancer Mikhail Baryshnikov defects to west

1976 John Walker of NZ sets record for 2000 m, 4:51.4

1992 Former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher joins the House of Lords as Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven.

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June 29

1613 Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre burns down

1850 British ex-Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel falls off his horse; he died three days later

1888 First (known) recording of classical music made, Handel’s Israel in Egypt on wax cylinder

1914 Jina Guseva attempts to assassinate Grigori Rasputin at his home town in Siberia.

1916 Boeing aircraft flies for first time

1949 South Africa begins implementing apartheid; no mixed marriages

1974 Military coup in Ethiopia

1976 The Seychelles become independent from the United Kingdom.

2002 US Vice President Dick Cheney, serves as Acting President for two and a half hours, while President George W. Bush undergoes a colonoscopy procedure.

2015 Beijing Times reports 30% of the Great Wall of China has disappeared due to natural forces and stealing of bricks

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June 28

1776 Final draft of Declaration of Independence submitted to Continental Congress

1838 Coronation of Queen Victoria in Westminster Abbey, London

1841 The Théâtre de l’Académie Royale de Musique in Paris premieres the ballet Giselle

1880 Ned Kelly the Australian bushranger captured at Glenrowan

1909 1st French air show, Concours d’Avation opens

1919 Treaty of Versailles, ending WWI and establishing the League of Nations, is signed in France

1935 FDR orders a federal gold vault to be built at Fort Knox, Kentucky

1962 Thalidomide drug banned in Netherlands

1973 New Zealand ship HMNZS Otago sails for Mururoa test zone after France’s refusal to accept an International Court of Justice injunction against its atmospheric nuclear testing

1982 Prince Charles & Lady Diana name their baby “William”

2005 A final design for Manhattan’s Freedom Tower is formally unveiled.

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June 27

1693 1st woman’s magazine “Ladies’ Mercury” published (London)

1743 War of the Austrian Succession: Battle of Dettingen: in Bavaria, King George II of Britain personally leads troops into battle. The last time a British monarch would command troops in the field.

1944 Cherbourg, France liberated by Allies

1954 First atomic power station opens – Obninsk, near Moscow in Russia

1957 The British Medical Research Council publishes a report suggesting a direct link between smoking and lung cancer.

1967 The world’s first ATM is installed in Enfield, London

1986 In referendum, Irish uphold ban on divorce

1986 US informs NZ it will not defend it against attack

1998 Opening of the Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Malaysia.

2007 Gordon Brown becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

2008 Bill Gates steps down as Chairman of Microsoft Corporation to work full time for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

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June 26

1498 Toothbrush invented in China using boar bristles

1718 Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich of Russia, Peter the Great’s son, mysteriously dies after being sentenced to death by his father for plotting against him.

1857 The first 62 recipients are awarded the Victoria Cross for valour in the Crimean war by Queen Victoria

1902 Aga Khan III is appointed Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire

1945 United Nations Charter signed by 50 nations in San Francisco

1959 Queen Elizabeth & President Eisenhower open St Lawrence Seaway

1960 British Somaliland (now Somalia) gains independence from Britain

1963 US President John F. Kennedy gives his famous “Ich bin ein Berliner” speech in West Berlin

1974 The Universal Product Code is scanned for the first time to sell a package of Wrigley’s chewing gum at the Marsh Supermarket in Troy, Ohio

1977 Elvis Presley sings in Indianapolis, the last performance of his career

1989 Canada updates coins with a new portrait of the Queen

1994 PLO leader Yasser Arafat returns to Gaza after 27 years

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June 25

1178 Five Canterbury monks report something exploding on Moon

1580 Book of Concord, standards of Lutheran Church, first published

1867 1st barbed wire patented by Lucien B Smith of Ohio

1870 Opera “Die Walküre (The Valkyrie)” is produced (Munich)

1876 Battle of the Little Bighorn: 7th Cavalry under Lieutenant Colonel (sometime Brevet Major General) George Armstrong Custer wiped out by Sioux and Cheyenne, Custer killed

1947 First version of Anne Frank’s diary “Het Achterhuis” published in The Netherlands

1957 2nd Rugby League World Cup: New Zealand beats Great Britain 29-21

1983 “Evita” closes at Broadway Theater NYC after 1568 performances

1990 African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela meets with President George Bush at the White House

1991 Martina Navratilova wins record 100th singles match at Wimbledon

1997 Christies auctions off Princess Diana’s clothing for $5.5 million

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June 24

1340 In the Hundred Years War, English fleet destroys the French at the battle of Sluys

1509 Henry VIII is crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey

1692 Kingston, Jamaica, founded

1817 first coffee planted in Hawaii on Kona coast

1880 First performance of “O Canada,” the song that would become the national anthem of Canada, at the Congrès national des Canadiens-Français.

1901 1st exhibition by Pablo Picasso, 19, opens in Paris

1916 Mary Pickford becomes the first female film star to get a million dollar contract.

1975 Moon tremor perceived (hit by Taurid meteors)

1995 3rd Rugby World Cup: South Africa beats New Zealand 15-12 in Johannesburg

2012 Female athletes will be allowed to compete for Saudi Arabia at the Olympics for the first time

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June 23

930 World’s oldest parliament, the Icelandic Parliament, the Alþingi (anglicised as Althing or Althingi), established

1661 Marriage contract for Charles II of England & Catharina of Portugal

1868 Christopher Latham Sholes patents the “Type-writer”

1902 Gioacchino Rossini’s unveils monument to Santa-Croce

1949 First twelve women graduate from Harvard Medical School

1961 The Antarctic Treaty, ensuring that Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes; for international cooperation in scientific research; and does not become the scene or object of international discord, comes into force

1981 Amanda Maccaro becomes 1st American to win Russian Ballet Competition

1982 Himmy, of Australia, weighs in at domestic cat record 20.7 kg (45 lb)

1994 South Africa is readmitted to the United Nations Organisations (UNO)

1996 Archbishop Tutu retires as Archbishop of Cape Town and head of the Anglican Church in South Africa

2014 Claude Monet’s Water Lilies is sold at auction for US$54 million

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June 22

1633 Galileo Galilei forced to recant his Copernican views that the Earth orbits the Sun by the Pope (Oct 31 1992 Vatican admits it was wrong)

1675 Royal Greenwich Observatory established in England by Charles II

1815 2nd abdication of Napoleon (after Waterloo)

1911 King George V crowned king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Canada, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, and all his realms and territories beyond the sea.

1939 Princess (future Queen) Elizabeth meets future husband Prince Philip of Greece (Midshipman Mountbatten, RN)

1982 Prince Charles & Princess Diana take son Prince William home from hospital

1991 Underwater volcano, Mount Didicas, erupts in Philippines

1992 Two skeletons excavated in Yekaterinburg identified as Tsar Nicholas II & Tsarina Alexandra

2015 JAMA Internal Medical Journal announces obese Americans now outnumber those just overweight

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June 21

1788 US Constitution comes into effect when New Hampshire is the ninth state to ratify it

1854 First Victoria Cross won during bombardment of Bomarsund in the Aland Islands (Crimean War)

1864 New Zealand Wars: The Tauranga Campaign ends

1887 Britain celebrates golden jubilee of Queen Victoria

1963 Pope Paul VI (Giovanni Battista Montini) succeeds John XXIII

1966 Queen Juliana opens Coen tunnel in Amsterdam

1978 Andrew Lloyd Webber & Rice’s musical “Evita” premieres in London

1982 John Hinckley found not guilty of 1981 attempted assassination of President Reagan by reason of insanity

1983 Tennis ace Arthur Ashe undergoes double bypass heart surgery

2001 Mexican artist Frida Kahlo is the 1st Hispanic woman to be honored on a US postage stamp

2006 Pluto’s newly discovered moons are officially named Nix & Hydra.

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June 20

1214 The University of Oxford receives its charter

1631 The sack of Baltimore: the Irish village of Baltimore is attacked by Algerian pirates.

1756 Black Hole of Calcutta – 146 British soldiers imprisoned in small dungeon in Calcutta, India where most die

1789 Tennis Court Oath (for a new constitution) in France made at Versailles

1837 Queen Victoria at 18 ascends British throne following death of uncle King William IV. She ruled for 63 years ending in 1901

1944 Nazis begin mass extermination of Jews at Auschwitz

1967 Muhammad Ali convicted of refusing induction into armed services

1968 Jim Hines becomes 1st person to run 100 meters in under 10 seconds

1975 “Jaws”, based on the book by Peter Benchley, directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Roy Scheider is released

1987 1st Rugby World Cup: New Zealand beats France 29-9 in Auckland

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June 19

987 Louis IV, crowned king of France

1829 Robert Peel founds the London Metropolitan Police (Bobbies)

1889 Start of Sherlock Holmes adventure “Man with the Twisted Lip”

1917 The British Royal Family, which has had strong German ties since George I, renounces its German names and titles and adopts the name of Windsor

1956 Jerry Lewis & Dean Martin end partnership after 16 films

1961 Kuwait declares independence from UK

1963 Valentina Tereshkova, first woman in space, returns to Earth

1973 “The Rocky Horror Picture Show” stage production opens in London

1978 Garfield, created by Jim Davis, first appears as a comic strip

1991 Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar surrenders to police

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June 18

618 Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries of the Tang Dynasty’s rule over China.

1264 The Parliament of Ireland meets at Castledermot in County Kildare, the first definitively known meeting of this Irish legislature.

1583 Richard Martin of London takes out first life insurance policy, on William Gibbons; premium was £383

1767 Samuel Wallis, an English sea captain, sights Tahiti and is considered the first European to reach the island.

1815 Battle of Waterloo; Napoleon and France defeated by British forces under Wellington and Prussian troops under Blucher

1892 Macadamia nuts first planted in Hawaii

1940 Winston Churchill’s “this was their finest hour” speech urging perseverance during Battle of Britain delivered to British House of Commons

1981 The AIDS epidemic is formally recognised by medical professionals in San Francisco, California.

2003 Google launches AdSense, a program that enables website publishers to serve ads targeted to the specific content of their individual web pages, many of which like HistoryOrb.com go on to start their own publishing businesses

2015 Pope Francis blames human selfishness for global warming in his encyclical, named “Laudato Si (Be Praised), On the Care of Our Common Home”

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June 17

1462 Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II (The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat from Wallachia.

1579 Sir Francis Drake lands on coast of California at Drakes Bay, names it “New Albion”

1631 Mumtaz Mahal dies during childbirth. Her husband, Mughal emperor Shah Jahan I, then spends more than 20 years building her tomb, the Taj Mahal.

1839 In the Kingdom of Hawaii, Kamehameha III issues the Edict of toleration which gives Roman Catholics the freedom to worship in the Hawaiian Islands. The Hawaii Catholic Church and the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace is later established as a result

1885 Statue of Liberty arrived in NYC aboard French ship `Isere’

1928 Amelia Earhart leaves Newfoundland to become 1st woman (passenger) to fly Atlantic (as a passenger in a plane piloted by Wilmer Stultz)

1967 China becomes world’s 4th thermonuclear (H-bomb) power

1970 Edwin Land patents Polaroid camera

1982 President Galtieri resigns after leading Argentina to defeat in the Falkland Islands

1994 OJ Simpson doesn’t turn himself in on murder charges, LA cops chase his Ford Bronco for 1½ hours, eventually gives up (seen live on TV)

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June 16

1567 Mary, Queen of Scots, imprisoned in Lochleven Castle prison Scotland

1794 1st stone laid at biggest Dutch grain windmill De Walvisch in Schiedam

1836 London Working Men’s Association forms

1880 Salvation Army forms in London

1903 Ford Motors under Henry Ford incorporates

1915 The foundation of the British Women’s Institute.

1916 Passing of the Military Services Bill introduces conscription in New Zealand

1961 Soviet ballet dancer Rudolf Nureyev defects to West at Le Bourget Airport in Paris

1963 Valentina Tereshkova (USSR) is first woman in space, aboard Vostok 6

1999 Thabo Mbeki is elected 2nd President of a democratic South Africa

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June 15

763 BC Assyrians record a solar eclipse that will be used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history

1215 King John signs Magna Carta at Runnymede, near Windsor, England

1643 Able Tasman returns to Batavia after discovering Tasmania

1762 Austria uses first paper currency

1844 Charles Goodyear patents the vulcanization of rubber

1907 Researcher George Soper publishes the results of his investigation into recent typhoid outbreaks in the New York area and announces that Mary Mallon [Typhoid Mary] is the likely source of the outbreak

1965 Bob Dylan records “Like a Rolling Stone”

1985 Rembrandt’s painting Danaë is attacked by a man later judged insane; he threw sulfuric acid on the canvas and cut it twice with his knife.

1991 Climactic eruption of the Mount Pinatubo volcano in the Philippines

2015 Real estate mogul Donald Trump launches his campaign for US President

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June 14

1381 Richard II in England meets leaders of Peasants’ Revolt on Blackheath. The Tower of London is stormed by rebels who enter without resistance.

1645 Battle of Naseby, Leicestershire: “New Model Army” under Oliver Cromwell & Thomas Fairfax beat royalists forces of English King Charles I

1834 Hardhat diving suit patented by Leonard Norcross, Dixfield, Maine

1834 Sandpaper patented by Isaac Fischer Jr, Springfield, Vermont

1847 Robert von Bunsen invents the Bunsen burner

1942 Anne Frank begins her diary

1942 Walt Disney’s animated movie “Bambi”, based on the book by Felix Salten, is released

1953 Elvis Presley graduates from LC Humes High School in Memphis Tenn

1989 Ronald Reagan is knighted by Queen Elizabeth II (honorary knighthood)

2012 The world’s first stem-cell assisted vein transplant is undertaken by Swedish doctors on a 10 year old girl

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June 13

1863 Samuel Butler publishes 1st part of “Erewhon”, Christchurch, NZ

1917 World War I: the deadliest German air raid on London during World War I is carried out by Gotha G bombers and results in 162 deaths, including 46 children, and 432 injuries.

1922 Longest attack of hiccups begins: Charlie Osborne gets the hiccups and continues for 68 years, dies 11 months after it stops

1927 Ticker-tape parade welcomes Charles A Lindbergh to NYC

1933 German Secret State Police (Gestapo – Geheime Staats Polizei) established by Hermann Goering

1948 Babe Ruth’s final farewell at Yankee Stadium, he dies Aug 16th

1980 UN Security Council calls for South Africa to free Nelson Mandela

2000 President Kim Dae Jung of South Korea meets Kim Jong-il, leader of North Korea, for the beginning of the first ever inter-Korea summit, in the northern capital of Pyongyang.

2007 First large scale exhibition of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo’s work in Mexico opens at Palacio de Bellas Artes on the 100th anniversary of her birth

2011 Christchurch, New Zealand is hit by another strong earthquake measuring magnitude 6.3

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June 12

1381 Peasants’ Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath.

1840 Meteorite hits Uden, Netherlands

1860 The State Bank of the Russian Empire is established.

1903 Niagara Falls, Ontario incorporated as a city

1923 Harry Houdini frees himself from a straight jacket while suspended upside down, 40 feet (12 m) above ground in NYC

1931 Al Capone is indicted on 5,000 counts of prohibition & perjury

1942 Anne Frank gets her diary as a birthday present in Amsterdam

1954 Bill Haley’s “Rock Around the Clock” is originally released

1964 Nelson Mandela is sentenced to life in prison in South Africa

1965 Big Bang theory of creation of universe is supported by announcement of discovery of new celestial bodies know as blue galaxies

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June 11

1184 BC Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned, according to calculations by Eratosthenes.

1644 Florentine scientist Evangelista Torricelli describes his invention of the mercury barometer in 1643 in a letter to Michelangelo Ricci

1770 Capt James Cook discovers Great Barrier Reef off Australia

1891 Puerto Rican flag adopted

1901 Cook Islands annexed & proclaimed part of New Zealand

1927 Charles Lindbergh is awarded the 1st Distinguished Flying Cross

1962 US President John Kennedy accepts an honorary degree from Yale

1987 Margaret Thatcher is first British Prime Minister in 160 years to win a third consecutive term

1991 Microsoft releases MS DOS 5.0

2004 Ronald Reagan’s funeral is held at Washington National Cathedral.

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June 10

1605 False Dimitri I, an impostor, crowned Russian tsar (rules 1605-1606)

1720 Mrs Clements of England markets first paste-style mustard

1793 1st public zoo opens in Paris

1829 The first Oxford and Cambridge University Boat Race takes place.

1902 Patent for window envelope granted to H F Callahan

1908 The Australian Parliament passes the Invalid and Old Age Pensions Act providing for pensions for British subjects (excluding aborigines) at age 65

1933 Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker flip their car into a ravine, and Parker suffers serious third degree burns from the accident which would affect her for the rest of her life

1935 Dr Robert Smith & William Wilson of Akron form Alcoholics Anonymous (date of Smith’s last drink)

1963 US President JFK signs law for equal pay for equal work for men & women

1977 Apple Computer ships its first Apple II computers

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June 09

1549 Book of Common Prayer is adopted by the Church of England

1822 Charles Graham patents false teeth

1891 Painter Gauguin arrives in Papeete, Tahiti

1898 China leases Hong Kong’s new territories to Britain for 99 years

1910 A passenger on SS Arawatta throws bottle with note overboard (found June 6, 1983 in Queensland)

1928 Charles Kingsford-Smith & Charles Ulm are first to fly across the Pacific when they end their flight from California to Brisbane

1934 1st Donald Duck cartoon, Wise Little Hen, released

1977 Silver jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain celebrated with fireworks

1983 Margaret Thatcher’s Conservative Party wins British parliamentary election

1997 British lease on New Territories in Hong Kong expires

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June 08

452 Italy invaded by Attila the Hun

1191 Richard I arrives in Acre thus beginning his crusade.

1869 Ives W McGaffey of Chicago patents the first vacuum cleaner

1917 Walt Disney graduates from Benton High School

1928 1st US-to-Australia flight lands (Sir Charles Kingford)

1938 Gert Terblanche, a local school boy, discovers fossils of an unknown ‘robust-type’ human ancestor, later named Paranthropus robustus by Robert Broom, at Kromdraai, Blaauwbank River Valley in South Africa

1940 Discovery of element 93, neptunium, announced1949 Siam changes name to Thailand

1963 American Heart Association is the first agency to campaign against cigarettes

1968 The body of assassinated U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy is laid to rest at Arlington National Cemetery.

1987 New Zealand’s Labour government legislates against nuclear weapons and nuclear powered vessels in NZ. Only nation to legislate against nuclear power

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June 07

1099 1st Crusaders arrive in Jerusalem

1654 Louis XIV crowned King of France

1860 Workmen start laying track for Market Street Railroad, San Francisco

1906 Famous Cunard passenger liner Lusitania launches

1909 Mary Pickford made her screen debut at the age of 16.

1929 Vatican City becomes a sovereign state

1939 George VI & Elizabeth become the 1st king & queen of Britain to visit USA

1965 Sony Corp introduced its home video tape recorder, priced at $995

1989 For one second this morning, the time is 01:23:45, 6-7-89

2012 16th century archaeology remains of the Curtain Theatre, where some of Shakespeare’s plays were first performed, were found under a pub in London

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June 06

1683 The Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, England, opens as the world’s first university museum.

1844 Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) forms in London

1850 Levi Strauss make his 1st pair of blue jeans

1859 Australia: Queensland is established as a separate colony from New South Wales (Queensland Day).

1912 The eruption of Novarupta in Alaska begins. It is the second largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century.

1914 1st air flight out of sight of land (Scotland to Norway)

1921 Southwark Bridge in London is opened to traffic by King George V and Queen Mary.

1951 1st Berlin International Film Festival opens

1968 Senator Robert F. Kennedy dies from his wounds after he was shot the previous night.

2012 Transit of Venus (between Earth & Sun) occurs – last transit of 21st century

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June 05

70 Titus & his Roman legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem

1257 Kraków, Poland, receives city rights.

1661 Isaac Newton admitted as a student to Trinity College, Cambridge

1944 1st British gliders touched down on French soil for D-Day invasion

1967 6 day war between Israel & Arab neighbours begins

1970 The Falls Road curfew in North Ireland, imposed by the British Army while searching for IRA weapons, is lifted after a march by women breaches the British Army cordon

1984 Indira Gandhi orders attack on Sikh’s holiest site (Golden Temple)

1988 Russian orthodox church celebrates 1,000th anniversary

1991 Mikhail Gorbachev receives his 1990 Nobel Peace Prize

2013 The first article based on NSA leaked documents by Edward Snowden are published by the Guardian Newspaper in the UK

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June 04

781 BC Oldest Chinese recording of a solar eclipse

1070 Roquefort cheese created in a cave near Roquefort, France

1769 A transit of Venus is followed five hours later by a total solar eclipse, the shortest such interval in history.

1876 An express train called the Transcontinental Express arrives in San Francisco, California, via the First Transcontinental Railroad only 83 hours and 39 minutes after having left New York City.

1896 Henry Ford takes his first Ford through streets of Detroit

1940 British complete the “miracle of Dunkirk” by evacuating 300,000 allied troops from France

1970 Tonga (formerly Friendly Islands) declares independence from UK

1973 A patent for the ATM is granted to Don Wetzel, Tom Barnes and George Chastain.

1984 DNA is successfully cloned from an extinct animal

1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre: Chinese troops clear the square of student protesters, unofficial figures place death toll near 1,000.

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June 03

1083 Henry IV of Germany storms Rome, capturing St Peter’s Cathedral

1748 Amsterdam establishes municipal postal service

1876 Lacrosse introduced in Britain & Canada

1934 Dr Frederick Banting co-discoverer of insulin, is knighted

1935 French liner SS Normandie sets Atlantic crossing record of four days, three hours and 14 minutes on her maiden voyage

1946 1st bikini bathing suit displayed (Paris)

1968 Canada announces it will replace silver with nickel in coins

1976 US presented with oldest known copy of Magna Carta

1989 Beginning of the Tiananmen Square Massacre as Chinese troops open fire on pro-democracy supporters in Beijing

1992 World’s largest environmental summit opens (Rio De Janeiro Brazil)

2005 ‘The Knight of Sainte-Hermine’ by Alexandre Dumas is published in France by Editions Phébus, completed by Claude Schopp, 135 years after the author’s death.

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June 02

1835 P T Barnum & his circus begin first tour of US

1851 1st US alcohol prohibition law enacted (Maine)

1855 The Portland Rum Riot occurs in Portland, Maine.

1875 Alexander Graham Bell makes first sound transmission

1904 Professor Schron finds microbe that causes photosynthesis

1909 Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.

1910 Pygmies discovered in Dutch New Guinea

1953 Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in Westminster Abbey, London

1979 John Paul II becomes 1st pope to visit a Communist country (Poland)

2015 FIFA President Sepp Blatter announces his resignation, 5 days after his re-election, amid FIFA’s involement in a bribery scandal

2015 100 volunteers in Bhutan set a world record for tree planting – 49,672 in just one hour

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June 01

1215 Beijing, under control of Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Beijing

1495 First written record of Scotch Whisky appears in Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, Friar John Cor is the distiller

1533 Anne Boleyn crowned queen of England

1845 Homing pigeon completes 11,000 km trip (Namibia-London) in 55 days

1915 1st Zeppelin air raid over England

1935 Driving test & license plates introduced in England

1936 Queen Mary completes its maiden voyage, arriving in NY

1969 Tobacco advertising is banned on Canadian radio & TV

1974 The Heimlich manoeuvre for rescuing choking victims is published in the journal Emergency Medicine.

1980 1st transmission of CNN, Cable News Network